automata theory
The mathematical study of abstract machines and formal computation, providing theoretical foundations for understanding what computers can and cannot do.
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John McCarthy Coins the Term 'Artificial Intelligence' in the Dartmouth Conference Proposal
In 1955, John McCarthy of Dartmouth College, together with Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon, submitted a proposal to the Rockefeller Foundation for a summer research workshop, introducing the term 'artificial intelligence' and framing machine intelligence as a formal field of scientific inquiry.