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bag-of-words model in computer vision

Represents images as unordered collections of local feature descriptors, enabling object recognition without encoding spatial layout.

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Bag of Words Applied to Computer Vision (Visual Vocabulary / Bag of Visual Words)

Josef Sivic and Andrew Zisserman at the University of Oxford applied the Bag of Words text-retrieval model to visual features in their 2003 ICCV paper 'Video Google', representing image regions as a vocabulary of visual words to enable efficient object retrieval from video.