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Freddy II

Early assembly robot at Edinburgh that could recognize and construct simple structures from parts, demonstrating visual perception combined with manipulation.

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FREDDY II Robot, University of Edinburgh Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception

By 1973, researchers at the University of Edinburgh's Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception had developed FREDDY II, a robot arm system that used computer vision and tactile feedback to identify and assemble simple objects from a pile of scattered parts, demonstrating integrated perception and manipulation in a single robotic system.