subsumption architecture
Robot control approach using layered reactive behaviors instead of central planning, influencing embodied AI design.
2 milestones
Elephants Don't Play Chess by Rodney Brooks
In 1990, Rodney Brooks of MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory published 'Elephants Don't Play Chess' in Robotics and Autonomous Systems, arguing that classical symbolic AI was fundamentally misconceived and that intelligence emerges from direct physical interaction with the environment rather than from abstract symbol manipulation.
Rodney Brooks Publishes 'Elephants Don't Play Chess', Articulating Nouvelle AI
In 1990, Rodney Brooks of MIT published 'Elephants Don't Play Chess' in Robotics and Autonomous Systems, arguing that intelligent behaviour could emerge from direct sensorimotor coupling with the environment without internal symbolic representations, formalising the nouvelle AI research programme.